Sudan is moving towards a new era. The independence and the “long walk to freedom” of South Sudan bring forth the complexities of energy politics in the country. Over half of the Government of National Unity (GoNU) revenues are from oil resources based in the South. Similarly, the Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS) is totally dependent on energy infrastructure in the North for utilising the oil resources for its survival. At the same time unresolved matters of citizenship and the flashpoint in Abeyei point towards the impending challenges. These developments in Sudan confront India, a country with deep historical and commercial ties, with numerous challenges.