The Maoist insurgency and the internal security response, which in part flows from India’s security architecture, have become increasingly relevant in the recent past. The Maoist threat has repeatedly been referred to as the gravest internal challenge to India’s security. The impact of this threat, along with terrorism in the hinterland, has exposed the inadequacies of the country’s internal security capacities. Therefore, a book dealing with the two is a timely addition to the literature, in the Indian context. The book is laid out in five chapters, with a brief introduction outlining its focus. The chapters deal with the Maoist insurgency, India’s internal security, the role of airpower in Maoist insurgency, India’s internal security architecture and the approaches to counterinsurgency in South Asia.